Informed consent

Informed consent is a patient's agreement to a treatment, given freely, with capacity, and with the information they need.

Updated 12 October 2026 (1 minute read)

Summary

  • Consent has to be voluntary, so pressure from doctors or family undermines it.
  • Since the Montgomery case in 2015, doctors must tell patients about any risk that a reasonable person in their position would want to know.
  • A patient can withdraw consent at any time.
  • Treating a patient who has capacity without their consent can be a criminal offence.

Interview questions

  • What makes consent valid?
  • How much should a doctor tell a patient about the risks of an operation?
  • A patient signs the consent form but clearly has not understood. What do you do?

Practise answering these with a mentor

Our interview preparation has you answer questions like these out loud, with feedback on each answer.

More NHS hot topics, medical ethics case studies and medical school interview questions are in AlphaMED Resources, which we add to and update through the application cycle.