Precautionary principle

The precautionary principle says that a lack of scientific certainty is no reason to delay action against a serious or irreversible harm.

Updated 12 October 2026 (1 minute read)

Summary

  • It is used in public health when a decision cannot wait for full evidence.
  • Early pandemic measures, such as lockdowns and face coverings, are often given as examples.
  • Pausing a medicine while a suspected side effect is investigated is another example.
  • Its cost is that caution has harms of its own, which are easy to overlook.

Interview questions

  • Should a new vaccine be paused after a small number of reports of a serious side effect?
  • How much evidence should a government need before restricting people's freedom?
  • Can being too cautious harm patients?

Practise answering these with a mentor

Our interview preparation has you answer questions like these out loud, with feedback on each answer.

More NHS hot topics, medical ethics case studies and medical school interview questions are in AlphaMED Resources, which we add to and update through the application cycle.