Social determinants of health

The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age.

Updated 12 October 2026 (1 minute read)

Summary

  • They include income, housing, education, employment and the local environment.
  • They account for much of the gap in life expectancy between richer and poorer areas.
  • The Marmot Review of 2010 set out the evidence for England. A follow up in 2020 found that the gap had widened.
  • They lie mostly outside the NHS, in housing, work and education policy.

Interview questions

  • Why do people in poorer areas die younger?
  • How much can a doctor do about a patient's housing or income?
  • Is poor health a matter of personal choice?

Practise answering these with a mentor

Our interview preparation has you answer questions like these out loud, with feedback on each answer.

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