Moral agency

Moral agency is the ability to tell right from wrong, to choose how to act and to be held responsible for that choice.

Updated 12 October 2026 (1 minute read)

Summary

  • Adults are normally treated as full moral agents. Young children are not.
  • A doctor remains a moral agent when following an instruction or a protocol, and is accountable for what they do.
  • Conscientious objection rests on it. A doctor may decline to take part in a procedure they believe is wrong, provided the patient is not left without care.

Interview questions

  • A senior doctor tells you to do something you think is wrong. What do you do?
  • Can following orders ever excuse a harmful act?
  • Should doctors be allowed to opt out of treatments they disagree with?

Practise answering these with a mentor

Our interview preparation has you answer questions like these out loud, with feedback on each answer.

More NHS hot topics, medical ethics case studies and medical school interview questions are in AlphaMED Resources, which we add to and update through the application cycle.